An experiment was carried out to evaluate the digestibility of diets, and metabolism of finishing pigs fed diets containing citric extracts. Twelve barrows with average initial weight of 54 kilograms were used. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with two treatments (control diet and control diet + 750mg.kg-1 of a compound of citric extracts, containing ascorbic acid and bioflavonoids) with six replications, and the animal as an experimental unit. The citric extracts did not alter (p>0.05) nitrogen balance, but increased (p<0.05) in 3.56 % the retained energy and in 1.94 % the digestible energy. Pigs fed diets containing citrus extracts had decreased (p<0.05) from 12.9 % in the level of blood cholesterol. The addition of citric extracts in diets for pigs improves the retention of energy, the use of digestible energy and reduces the plasma cholesterol levels.

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a digestibilidade das dietas e o metabolismo de suínos em terminação alimentados com dietas contendo extratos cítricos. Foram utilizados 12 suínos, machos castrados, com peso médio inicial de 54 quilogramas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (dieta controle e dieta controle + 750 mg.kg-1 de um composto de extratos cítricos, contendo ácido ascórbico e bioflavonóides) de seis repetições cada, sendo o animal a unidade experimental. O uso de extratos cítricos não alterou (p>0,05) o balanço de nitrogênio, porém aumentou (p=0,05) em 3,56 % a energia retida e em (p<0,05) 1,94 % a energia digestível. Suínos alimentados com dietas contendo extratos cítricos apresentaram redução (p<0,05) de 12,9 % no nível de colesterol sanguíneo. A adição de extratos cítricos em dietas para suínos melhora a retenção de energia, o aproveitamento da energia digestível e reduz os níveis plasmáticos de colesterol.

Since the most characteristic feature of paraquat poisoning is lung damage, a prospective controlled study was performed on excised rat lungs in order to estimate the intensity of lesion after different doses. Twenty-five male, 2-3-month-old non-SPF Wistar rats, divided into 5 groups, received paraquat dichloride in a single intraperitoneal injection (0, 1, 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight) 24 h before the experiment. Static pressure-volume (PV) curves were performed in air- and saline-filled lungs; an estimator of surface tension and tissue works was computed by integrating the area of both curves and reported as work/ml of volume displacement. Paraquat induced a dose-dependent increase of inspiratory surface tension work that reached a significant two-fold order of magnitude for 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight (P<0.05, ANOVA), sparing lung tissue. This kind of lesion was probably due to functional abnormalities of the surfactant system, as was shown by the increase in the hysteresis of the paraquat groups at the highest doses. Hence, paraquat poisoning provides a suitable model of acute lung injury with alveolar instability that can be easily used in experimental protocols of mechanical ventilation